Hacking Tools

https://github.com/hackersanddesigners/tool_hacking https://hackersanddesigners.github.io/tool_hacking/build/

Arduino is...

• An open-source/-hardware microcontroller device
• Designed to sense
• Designed to control
• Easy to program
• Easy to integrate into designs
• Developed by art-technologists to be practical for simple and complex designs with minimal hassle

Input (Sensors)

• Push Buttons (digital)
• Potentiometer - turning knob
• LDR - light dependant resistor
• Flex sensors - senses bending
• PIR - senses presence, alarm system
• accelerometer - senses changes in speed

Output (Actuators)

• Leds & lights
• Speaker (beeper)
• DC motors
• Stepper motors
• Servos
• Solenoids
• Anything electronic: Transisors / Relays /

Some Terms

• ‘sketch’ – program that runs on the Arduino
• ‘pin’ – input or output connected to something, like a LED or a switch
• ‘digital’ – 1 (HIGH) or 0 (LOW) value (on/off)
• ‘analog’ – a range of voltages between 0 and 5 volts, instead of discrete on and off.

Setting up the software

https://www.arduino.cc/en/software

Download the IDE for your platform

Hello World

int led = 13;

void setup() {
  pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
  delay(1000);
  digitalWrite(led, LOW);
  delay(1000);
}

Verify

Errors?

Upload

circuit

Buttons, Pull-up & Pull-down

pinMode INPUT_PULLUP

pinMode(2, INPUT_PULLUP);
// Take note: LOW => pressed button

Examples Arduino

File > Examples > USB

Keyboard

#include <Keyboard.h>
int buttonPin = 3;

void setup() {
    pinMode( buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP ); // connect the button to pin 3
    Keyboard.begin(); // start the keyboard library
    delay(3000); // upload delay
}

void loop() {
    int pressed = digitalRead( buttonPin );  // read pin 3
    if( pressed == LOW ){ // if the button is pressed
        Keyboard.write( 'd' ); // print the letter d
        delay( 100 ); // do nothing for 0.1 second
    }
}

Fail safe

void setup() {
    // ... other code
    delay(3000); // wait a few seconds before starting the main program
}

Logging out

...code

Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_GUI);
// Shift-Q logs out:
Keyboard.press(KEY_LEFT_SHIFT);
Keyboard.press('Q');
delay(100);
Keyboard.releaseAll();
// enter:
Keyboard.write(KEY_RETURN);

code...

Keyboard

Single key:

• Keyboard.write()

Text:

• Keyboard.print()
• Keyboard.println()

Modifier keys:

• Keyboard.press()
• Keyboard.release()
• Keyboard.releaseAll()

Mouse Click

#include <Mouse.h>

int buttonPin = 3;  // Set a button to any pin

void setup()
{
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP);  // Set the button as an input
  Mouse.begin(); // start the mouse library
}

void loop()
{
  if (digitalRead(buttonPin) == LOW)  // if the button goes low
  {
    Mouse.click();  // send mouse click even to the computer
    delay(1000);  // delay so there aren't a kajillion clicks
  }
}

Mouse Move & Click

#include "Mouse.h"

int upButton = 3;
int mouseButton = 4;

void setup() {
  pinMode(upButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(mouseButton, INPUT_PULLUP);
  Mouse.begin();
}

void loop() {
  if (digitalRead(upButton) == LOW ) {
    Mouse.move(0, -10, 0); // x, y, scrollwheel
  }

  if (digitalRead(mouseButton) == LOW) { // mouse button pressed
      Mouse.press(MOUSE_LEFT);
  } else { // mouse button released
      Mouse.release(MOUSE_LEFT);
  }

  // a delay so the mouse doesn't move too fast:
  delay(20);
}

Mouse

• Mouse.click()
• Mouse.move() // movements are relative
• Mouse.press()
• Mouse.release()
• Mouse.isPressed()

#include <Keyboard.h>
int buttonPin = 3;

void setup() {
  pinMode( buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP ); // connect the button to pin 3
  Keyboard.begin(); // start the keyboard library
  delay(10000); // upload delay
}

void loop() {
  int pressed = digitalRead( buttonPin );  // read pin 3
  if ( pressed == LOW ) { // if the button is pressed
    int val = analogRead(A0); // 0 - 1023
    int key = map(val, 0, 1023, 65, 122);
    Keyboard.write( key ); // print the letter d
    delay( 100 ); // do nothing for 0.1 second
  }
}